➥ Ayanis Inscriptions Ayanis is a fortress settlement built atop a hill on the shore of Lake Van, located approximately 38 kilometers north of the Urartian capital, Tušpa. It lies along the route that connects Tušpa to the northern shore of Lake Van. The fortress was one of the defensive structures commissioned by Urartian King … Read more
➥ Kef Kalesi Inscriptions Kef Kalesi (Kef Fortress) was established on a hill 2,200 meters high, located behind the town of Adilcevaz, on the northern shore of Lake Van. It stands on the southwestern slopes of Mount Süphan, which was considered sacred by the Urartians. The fortress is about 550 meters above the shore, overlooks … Read more
➥ Aznavurtepe and Patnos Inscriptions Aznavurtepe is a Urartian fortress located in the northeast of the fertile Patnos Plain, about 50 km north of Lake Van. It was establised on top of a hill about 200 meters above the plain, around 2 km north of the Patnos town center. It is thought that the name … Read more
➥ Toprakkale Inscriptions It is located approximately 5 kilometers east of Tušpa (Van Fortress). The site was established on a hill at the foothills of Mount Zimzim, in the northeastern part of the Van Plain. Inscriptions discovered at the site indicate that the city’s name was Rusahinili Qibani-kai (“Rusahinili in front of Mount Erek”). The … Read more
